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Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Free Essays on Love In Oceania
to communicate feeling, in fact, the human psyche can not appreciate sentiments they are having. On the off chance that people ca... Free Essays on Love In Oceania Free Essays on Love In Oceania Despite the fact that Winston and Julia guarantee to have been infatuated since the second they met, can anybody living in Oceania ever truly be enamored? In Chapter five of Book One, Winston talks with his friend, Syme, about how newspeak is making the real idea of affection inconceivable: At long last we will make thoughtcrime truly unimaginable, on the grounds that there will be no words wherein to communicate itâ⬠¦ In certainty there will be no idea, as we comprehend it now. Universality implies not thinking-not expecting to think. Conventionality is obviousness. (Orwell 46-47) Syme accepts that thoughtcrime at long last will be totally unfathomable, on the grounds that it will be difficult to consider sees that contradict the gathering. Utilizing Newspeak expressions, for example, ââ¬Å"doubleplusungoodâ⬠limits the line of reasoning to just what is important. There are no Newspeak intensifiers or descriptors that are superfluous to portray the basic manner of thinking. Syme additionally makes reference to how Newspeak is the main language where the word tally diminishes each year. Words, for example, ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠are expelled from the word reference, and Party individuals are made to accept that in light of the fact that the words are not in the word reference, they don't exist. The ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠between the principle characters in 1984 is just a unimportant physical fascination, for in Oceania, love can't exist; there are no words to depict love, and the characters have either overlooked or had never comprehended what love was. With the presentation and consideration of Newspeak in Oceaniaââ¬â¢s society, Orwell causes the peruser to comprehend that in a brief timeframe individuals won't have the option to have feelings, in light of the fact that there will be no words where they can communicate it. Winstonââ¬â¢s friend, Syme, depicts Newspeak just like the main language where the measure of words diminishes as time advances. This idea is all in direct connection to reality control. In the event that there are no words to communicate feeling, actually, the human psyche can not understand emotions they are having. On the off chance that people ca...
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Module 1 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Module 1 TD-HRM 401 - Recruitment - Essay Example Human asset the executives is tied in with delivering the fitting methods for supplanting or adding to existing staffs. The web has demonstrated to be compelling in enlisting proficient in various area. The web has the condescended apparatuses to promote and waitlist contender for the determination procedure. People can connect required records without truly showing up at a structure board. This will decrease the cost utilized in enrolling given people as the re-appropriated enlistment gatherings would at negligible utilizing this methodology. The outsider association by and large may bargain the quality required in the enrollment procedure. Taking everything into account, the web is open by countless individuals simultaneously henceforth turning into a fitting apparatus while publicizing. The gatherings intrigued can affirm their accreditations and simultaneously get input inside the most limited of period. Utilizing the apparatus the organization can save money on cost of enlistment and simultaneously get an enormous number of candidates simultaneously. Huge quantities of candidates will implies that the Human asset director will utilize broadening as a methods for enrollment. Ã Bersin, J. (2013, May 23). Corporate Recruiting Explodes: A New Breed of Service Providers. Forbes magazine. Recovered from
Sunday, August 9, 2020
New Student Photo Entry #29 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog
New Student Photo Entry #29 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The first two photos come from Denise Lee, an incoming MPA in Development Practice student. These photos were both taken on December 31, 2008 atop Ololokwe mountain, a sacred mountain to the Samburu people in North Eastern Kenya. This is an area where natural resources are being depleted at ever-increasing rates threatening the natural environment and the survival of wildlife in the region. At the same time pastoralist communities are struggling as their economic development continues to be hindered by ethnic rivalries and insecurity. The obstacles are tremendous, but I felt hopeful when learning about innovative new programs including the Northern Rangelands Trust which seeks to address both challenges by facilitating community-led conservation initiatives that improve human livelihoods, biodiversity conservation and rangeland management. In the first photo our local Samburu guide, John, looks south towards Mount Kenya. John is employed by a community owned and managed safari operation that offers trips up the mountain with local, experienced guides allowing visitors to experience the high altitude mist forest and panoramic vistas. This photo shows three young Samburu Moran boys that we met with their cattle in the background. It was striking to see tradition colliding with modernity particularly in the form of the automatic weapons they carried. Samburu Moran boys moving from boyhood into manhood go up into Ololokwe for months at a time to live off the ground and prove their manhood. The area is rife with conflict due to the Somalies and the Boran impinging on Samburu grazing ground. ____________________ The next two photos come from Karina Nagin, an incoming MPA student. First Photo: Taken at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The tour guide had just finished explaining to our group how important it was to be respectful and not climb on any of the ruins, we then turned a corner to see this group giggling and laughing while scaling the walls for a group picture. They were having so much fun I had to snap a pic. Second Photo: Taken in a small town outside Bangalore, India. In 2008 I was working in Bangalore and was invited to a weekend function in my colleagues village. During the all day ceremony two sisters pulled me away to go play in the neighboring sunflower field. It was one of the highlights of my stay.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
The Case Study of Amanda Anderson Essays - 2061 Words
The primary diagnosis for Amanda Anderson is separation anxiety disorder (SAD) with a co-morbidity of school phobia. Separation anxiety disorder is commonly the precursor to school phobia, which is ââ¬Å"one of the two most common anxiety disorders to occur during childhood, and is found in about 4% to 10% of all childrenâ⬠(Mash Wolfe, 2010, p. 198). Amanda is a seven-year-old girl and her anxiety significantly affects her social life. Based on the case study, Amandaââ¬â¢s father informs the therapist that Amanda is extremely dependent on her mother and she is unenthusiastic when separated from her mother. Amanda was sitting on her motherââ¬â¢s lap when the therapist walked in the room to take Amanda in her office for an interview (Morgan, 1999,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2). In the course of the interview, Amanda becomes uncomfortable and requests to see her mother. Once both parents join the interview, Amanda sits back in her motherââ¬â¢s lap. Additionall y, the DSM-IV-TR supports that Amandaââ¬â¢s diagnosis is separation anxiety with a co-morbidity of school phobia: symptoms of separation anxiety disorder are age-inappropriate children demonstrating anxiety when being away from their home and displaying an insecure attachment to their parents (Mash Wolfe, 2010, p. 199). According to the DSM-IV-TR, the following diagnoses are pertinent for Amanda Anderson: Axis I: Amandaââ¬â¢s diagnoses are separation anxiety disorder with a co-morbidity of school phobia. Axis II: Not applicable, Amanda is not applicable for a diagnosis of neither a personality disorder nor an intellectual disability: ââ¬Å"despite these problems, Amanda appeared to be performing well academically, earning all Bââ¬â¢s on her first report cardâ⬠(Morgan, 1999). Axis III: Amanda does not have any known medical conditions. Axis IV: Amanda suffers from several stressors. To being with, Amanda stated that she often feels secluded because she has neither siblings nor friends except for her Barbie. In addition, her peers constantly tease her, and according to Mr. Anderson, Amanda has difficulties making friends at school. Essentially, the Anderson family moved to a different neighborhood, and ââ¬Å"often separation anxiety disorder occurs after a child has experienced ma jor stressors,Show MoreRelatedSocial Networking And Its Effects On Social Media965 Words à |à 4 Pagesinexpensive. ââ¬Å"Many teens in relationships view social media as a place where they can feel more connected with the daily events in there significant otherââ¬â¢s life, share emotional connections, and let their significant other know they careâ⬠(Lenhart, Anderson, and Smith). However, the ease of access to social networking has allowed many adolescents to become overly involved. Networking has the potential to influence adolescents both emotionally and physically which in turn may lead to negative behaviorsRead MoreSTI Essay1410 Words à |à 6 PagesDonââ¬â¢t Be Surprised About STIs ââ¬Å"In a recent study, 1 out of 20 adolescents were reported to have contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI) within the last yearâ⬠(Akhilesh Subbarao, 2017). Sexually transmitted infections are the infections that users can acquire when engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Chlamydia is the communicable disease in the United States that is recorded the greatest amount of times (Sexton, 2015). Of the sexually transmitted diseases most commonly contractedRead MoreThe Evolution of Gender Roles and its Role in Society1505 Words à |à 7 Pagesmay only grow and expand from where they are today. Healthcare demands will continue to grow as the Affordable Care Act will bring high demands to healthcare workers (a pre-dominantly female workforce), leading to even more job creation and need (Anderson). Hence, although the evolution of womenââ¬â¢s rights was a long strenuous journey to reform dating back to the prehistoric era, woman have made major progress in equality during the 20th century. Socially and economically, there is more progress toRead MoreHow Music Industry And Artists Have Been Affected By The Internet- 3rd Draft1559 Words à |à 7 Pageswould only make an income after they pass the projected album sales figure. With the Internet evolution, drastic changes have revolutionized the music industry. The newest trend for a musician is skipping the recording company altogether. In some cases, many start-up artists start by uploading their items on YouTube for public viewing. It means they can produce music in the comfort of their homes or through cheap freelance studios. Later, they can that market and sell their music without the helpRead MoreTheories Of Crime And Justice2307 Words à |à 10 PagesMohamedshaan Khalifa Professor Amanda Orcutt CRJ 362-02 Theories of Crime and Justice April 21st, 2016 Biological Theories have been related to crime for a long time. The Biological Theory talks about how oneââ¬â¢s brain has an impact on committing crime or not. Dr. Jim Fallon, a neuroscientist from California talks about the biological influences in a brain. He believes that the combination of three major aspects can determine whether someone is psychopathic or not. Fallon states a combinationRead MoreViolent Media Does Not Have an Effect on Children Essay1974 Words à |à 8 Pagesfigures which make a screaming-like sound when ran over. Later titles, such as Pac-man and Super Mario Bros, were attacked for having the ability to kill the enemies, albeit they dont contain the amount of violence as todays media. According to a study in 2002 by the General Aggression Model (GAM), people are often more aggressive shortly after they stop playing violent games. They also speculated that a long-term exposure to video games filled with violence can change how the players view eventsRead MoreDo Black Life Matter Or Do All Lives Matter? Essay2042 Words à |à 9 Pagesregarding racism. Different sociologists have different approach on this matter and help us analyze the issues on different views. Weââ¬â¢ve have read articles by Omi and Winant, Haney Lopez, Guinier, Bonilla, Martinez, Ferraro, Gallagher, Perez, Anderson and so forth. All these sociologists were able to shed light on how the working class people are working hard and yet they are far away from achieving their goal and living the American dream. The American social structure is not designed to improveRead MoreThe Earnings Management Issue of WorldCom Case Study Report2077 Words à |à 9 Pagesfor Personal Compensation Plan Daniel and Thomas (2006) states that if CEOsââ¬â¢ potential total compensation is more closely related to the price of stock and option holdings, the firms are more inclined to manipulate reported earnings. In the WorldCom case, in 2002, the CEO, Ebbers personally held 27 million shares of the company; he even borrowed some money to buy WorldComââ¬â¢s shares (The Wall Street Journal, 2002). Hence, Ebbers had high level of motivation to manipulate reported earnings to inflateRead MoreEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words à |à 77 PagesHealth by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Instructorââ¬â¢s Manual Access to Health by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Test Bank Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Cases Solutions Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Solution Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Instructorââ¬â¢s Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Test Bank Accounting
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Seagrass - 1590 Words
Republic of the Philippines CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur SEAGRASS HANDICRAFT STUDY JOSEPH R. SECINA RONNA A VILLANUEVA BSAB 3A Mrs. CRESILDA M. CANING Professor September, 2012 Introduction Seagrass are flowering plants which grows in marine, fully- saline environment or sometimes near in the sea, even in the farm. Its leaves are long and narrow and very often green, and because the plants often grows in large ââ¬Å"meadowsâ⬠which look like grassland. Deterioration of Seagrass beds has occurred in many places throughout the world as a result of various environmental changes. Such changes are a result of anthropogenic impacts, including pollution, urbanisation andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦To know where the researchers conduct an interview about the assign activity, the researchers site first some inforamation in the internet to have an ideas and key points to be asked in the future respondents. The researcher visited the study sites and made a house to house interview of the Seagrass Handicraft Maker. Only those who were still adopting the Seagrass handicraft making were interviewed, the researcherS was able to collect two stories from the 4 product maker. All of the respondents narrated their stories of change guided by the questions provided by the researcher. Collection of the stories was done using a cellphone recorder as well as the digital Camera. Respondentsââ¬â¢ accounts were transcribed verbatim after wards. A.a Name and Address of the Business Seagrass Handicraft Business A.b Nature Business The Seagrass Handicraft is a trend and channel to know their place of San Fernando well. Where in it is the only place here in the Bicol region made the grass as a main commodity as a source of their income. This is done for almost 2o years. Around that year, this business joined so many trade fair to introduced the product of the place around the Philippines. A.c Management Aspect In terms of managemnt practices, Mrs. Nooras Family members serves as her Personnel. Each member has theirShow MoreRelatedJohnson s Seagrass And Its Effects1370 Words à |à 6 PagesJohnsonââ¬â¢s Seagrass is a small, fragile seagrass that reproduces asexually. As a consequence, itââ¬â¢s range is limited to 200 kilometers in length of river mouths and tidal rivers off the coast of Florida, making it the seagrass with the most limited distribution in the world. Itââ¬â¢s leaves are about 2-5 cm in length. This seagrass is tolerant of variations in salinity but is not tolerant of damage caused by human boating activities and actions including anchoring and dredging. This species of seagrass is soRead MoreDescribe Ecosystem s Location And Ecosystem Significance1237 Words à |à 5 PagesField Trip Report Introduction Describe ecosystemââ¬â¢s location and ecosystem significance. (1/2 page) The seagrass ecosystem is one which is very important in the worldââ¬â¢s equilibrium. The ecosystem consists of various species of seagrasses, which are a submerged vegetation that are specialised to live under water. The seagrass ecosystem is located throughout the world. They are able to adapt to both tropical and temperate regions, but they are more common in the warmer waters (AIMS, 2016). They areRead MoreDiversity and Abundance of Scavenger Species in Seagrass Beds1254 Words à |à 5 PagesDiversity and abundance of scavenger species in seagrass beds in comparison to intertidal flat zonations in estuarine environments. Introduction Scavenger species that live in estuarine environments, are organisms that niche in the trophic structure just before detritivores. The energy and nutrients broken down, is then passed back into the ecosystem, where the detritivores further complete the breakdown process of organic matter. They are opportunists when it comes to their diet, scroungingRead MoreEssay On Water739 Words à |à 3 Pageswere collected on the Northside of the park. The research was performed on April 11th, 2017 in late afternoon. While performing the experiment tide started to fluctuate with high tide. The site where research was collected has a sandy bottoms and seagrass beds along the shore line. The impact of human activity on the research was minimal with little tourism at the park. The weather conditions while taking the samples was sunny with clouds. Three samples were performed at 15 meters from the shorelineRead MoreCauses And Impacts Of The Restoration Of Coral Reefs And Mangrove Systems959 Words à |à 4 Pages Tropical MPAs are typically established to protect coral reefs, which are severely effected by climate change and anthropogenic influences. For regional recovery and population resilience to occur, MPAs establishment needs to incorporate coral, seagrass, and mangrove communities to provide full ecosystems benefits. Differences in resilience may occur between Pacific and Caribbean systems. Human impact may have greater deleterious influences on Caribbean systems since they lack functional repetitionRead MoreThe South Texas Ecosystems Essay873 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe Seagrass beds. South Texas Seagrass beds are found along the coast in shallow saline waters and the general abiotic conditions are shallow saline waters, precipitation, soft muddy substrate, and temperature. Turtlegrass and Manateegrass are the two types of dominant plants in South Texas Seagrass beds. Manateegrass and Turtlegrass are dominant because of low rainfall that flows to the bay high evaporation as well their tolerance to salt. Some common animal species that live in the Seagrass bedsRead MoreAnimals Of Coastal Landscapes : The Spiny Porcupine Fish1048 Words à |à 5 Pagesquickly. They are not strong predators and therefore they must inflate to escape. There mouthparts have 2 large teeth, one upper and on lower and they stick out like a beak.( 2016 world book page 15, 16, 17, 18) The Seahorse lives in areas of seagrass, mangroves forests and coral reefs. Their length is 1.6- 25 cm and they are pregnant from 4 months to 1 year. The seahorse lies from 100 eggs to 200 eggs at a time. The seahorse lives for 1-5 years. Their diet is tiny shrimp and other invertebratesRead MoreOcean Acidification And Its Effect On The Oceans1727 Words à |à 7 Pagespreserving the oceanââ¬â¢s seagrass beds. Boaters often carelessly carve through the fragile seagrass beds with their high powered engines. These scars are often permanent since seagrass takes a very long time to grow (California Experiments, 2014). As previously mentioned, shelled organisms are among the most heavily affected by declining pH levels (What is Ocean, 2015). Creatures like crabs, lobsters, some clams, snails, and other shelled animals often take refuge in these seagrass beds. Although manyRead MoreSharks Are Worth More Alive Than Dead1597 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe bay; a perfect place for seagrass to grow. To avoid becoming a shark snack, turtles and sea cows generally avoid these areas. The seagrass can grow into a lush habitat that provides shelter for small fish and shellfish that will grow up into species people want to catch. In areas that sharks donââ¬â¢t frequent, seagrass is heavily grazed and does not support big populations of fish and shellfish. That means that if we were to lose tiger sharks from the bay, the seagrass likely would be grazed downRead MoreThe Dredging And The Effects Of Erosing At Port Phillip Bay1175 Words à |à 5 Pages2009. According to experts, big changes are occurring in seagrass beds around Port Phillip Bay, even before the dredge in 2009. Seagrass beds around Blairgowrie have been deteriorating in the last decade without any known reason or cause. Along with this, the effects of dredging the seagrass beds has caused some to decrease in size, with a few that increased. Importantly, light penetration to the beds remained good. Mick Keough sa ys ââ¬Ëseagrass has the ability to survive on energy stores within the plant
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
How useful are the views of Anzac soldiers at Gallipoli suggested in Source A, B and C Free Essays
All the sources are useful because even though they may not be reliable, they show the peopleââ¬â¢s opinion of the Gallipoli campaign. Sources that show peoples opinion can be used to explore how the solders felt through out the wars. Source A was published in 1916, just one year after the Gallipoli campaign. We will write a custom essay sample on How useful are the views of Anzac soldiers at Gallipoli suggested in Source A, B and C or any similar topic only for you Order Now This makes it a primary source, which could mean that its more reliable as it was written nearer the time, and details have had less time to be forgotten. It was made on the Gallipoli peninsular, which shows that the artist had an eye witness account this would mean he was relying on his own knowledge not someone elseââ¬â¢s. Although it as created by an Australian artist, which might mean it, is biased or exaggerated because he might want to make the Australians look better, it shows both the good and bad side of the war. The cartoons show two ANZAC soldiers as they looked during the Gallipoli campaign. The first cartoon shows a man in a large over coat, shoes that are to big for him, a gun, heââ¬â¢s yawning and has skinny legs. The large coat and shoes that are to big for him suggest that the supplies arenââ¬â¢t getting through and they are very low on resources so he has to use anything he can get. The skinny legs also show that there is a lack of food and that the soldiers are very weak. I know from my own knowledge that supplies werenââ¬â¢t getting through and that food supplies were very low. Also there were thousand of flies, which infected the food so that the little food that was left was not edible. The title ââ¬Å"another hopeless dawnâ⬠shows the soldiers feel that they are not getting anywhere and that they are not going to progress anywhere with the knew day. The source is quite reliable and is useful because it shows an actual account of the soldierââ¬â¢s time in Gallipoli and is not over exaggerated to make them look better as it shows the positives and negatives. Therefore it can be use to show how the conditions affected the soldiers, it also shows what the soldiers looked like during the war. Source B is useful because it provides a historical account. However it maybe bias as an Australian writes it and he might want to make his army look better. It is a secondary source so it might be more reliable because there might be more sources available. Also the people who have written the sources heââ¬â¢s based his book on have had time to recover from the shock they may have suffered and write the sources more accurately. I know part of it is truthful and is reliable, as I know that the citizen soldiers were trained from an early age for military. It is also similar to the feeling in Britain ââ¬â â⬠to be left behind was unthinkable. So we know that this part is truth and reliable. However, part of the source is unreliable as it is just one manââ¬â¢s opinion (John Kegan). ââ¬Å"New Zealanders skills with the rifle and spade would win them a reputation as the best soldiers in the war during the 20th Century. â⬠We know this is not true as the New Zealanders lost their battle at the Gallipoli campaign to the Turks. As the British and French troops won most of their battles during the first and Second World War it could be argued that they were the stronger and better troops of the 20th Century. It also says in the source ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ ormidable offensive power, as the Turks were soon to discoverâ⬠we know this is not true as they lost to the Turks. I also know the landings at Sulva bay went wrong for the ANZAC troops and also the landings at ANZAC cove and Cape Helles beach failed. This shows they cannot be the ââ¬Å"formidable offensive powerâ⬠the author makes them out to be and that he is maybe exaggerating what happened to make it his troops sound better. This source can be used as an insight as to what happen when the new Zealanders got called up to war, and what the New Zealand people thought of their troops. Source C is written by a reporter, but it is not clear as to what country he is from, the way he talks about the Australians suggest that he is not from Australia, but is impressed by them. He seems to over exaggerate the part they played in the war and the way they dealt with it. This would suggest the source is unreliable as it is his own opinion not actual facts. This source shows what some people thought of the Australians ââ¬Å"it was great to watch them as they wentâ⬠. It shows the high moral and ANZAC spirit that was present through the campaign, I know this is probably true because is very similar to what happened in Britain through out the first and second war there was arguably very high British spirit. It also has some inaccurate points i. e. ââ¬Ëabsolutely unaffected by the bulletsââ¬â¢ ââ¬â this cannot be true as many troops were killed by bullets. I know that there were 200,000 allied casualties and some of these were from the ANZAC troops, therefore they werenââ¬â¢t unaffected by bullets. This source is best used as an opinion and insight into what was thought of the Australians rather than as reliable account of what actually happened. In conclusion Sources A, B and C are useful in different ways. Source A is the most reliable and accurate account of what actually happened and could be used to show what actually happened. Source B and C is best used as opinions of what happened, where the truth may have been exaggerated or distorted. It can be used to show an account from the ANZAC point of view and how their people felt towards the campaign. How to cite How useful are the views of Anzac soldiers at Gallipoli suggested in Source A, B and C, Papers
Saturday, May 2, 2020
Project Work free essay sample
Project work is not a new methodology. Its benefits have been widely recognized for many years in the teaching of subjects like Science, Geography, and History. Some teachers have also been doing project work in their language lessons for a long time, but for others it is a new way of working. The aim of this booklet is to provide a simple introduction to project work. I shall explain what project work is, what benefits it brings, and how to introduce it into the classroom. I shall also deal with the main worries that teachers have about using project work in their classrooms. The ideas in this booklet are based on the real classroom experience of a large number of teachers and students of English. I hope that after reading it, you too will be encouraged to try project work. 1 Here is an example of a very straightforward and popular project: My Favourite Animal. The students choose an animal and write about it. They illustrate the project with pictures (photographs, postcards, etc. ). Project 1 2 Introduction to Project Work 2 Projects allow students to use their imagination and the information they contain does not always have to be factual. In this example of a project which required students to introduce themselves and their favourite things, the students pretend they are a horse. Project 2 by Katorina Pokorna and Klara Kucejova Introduction to Project Work 3 3 One of the great benefits of project work is its adaptability. Here are two examples of the same project task. These two projects on The World were done by students at different levels. The first project is a poem using the simple present tense only. The second project, however, has been done by intermediate level students, who have been able to use a range of different structures. Project 3a by Megyeri Ildiko and Miklosi Timea 4 Introduction to Project Work Project 3b Introduction to Project Work 5 4 You can do projects on almost any topic. They can be factual (4) or fantastic (5). Projects can, thus, help to develop the full range of the learnersââ¬â¢ capabilities. Project 4 6 Introduction to Project I shall deal with this important issue on page 18. Project 7 by Ivica Kukurova 8 Introduction to Project Work Introduction to Project Work 9 What are the common characteristics of these projects? Hard work Each project is the result of a lot of hard work. The authors of the projects have found information about their topic, collected or drawn pictures, written down their ideas, and then put all the parts together to form a coherent presentation. Project work is not a soft option. A project on Food might involve: â⬠¢ writing recipes â⬠¢ conducting surveys on favourite foods, what people eat for breakfast, etc. Compiling a tourist guide to the restaurants in your town â⬠¢ describing eating habits in your country â⬠¢ finding out about and comparing the diets of rich and poor countries â⬠¢ writing about diet and health Creative The projects are very creative in terms of both content and language. Each project is a unique piece of communication, created by the project writers themselves. Personal This element of creativity makes project work a very personal experience. The students are writing about aspects of their own lives, and so they invest a lot of themselves in their project. A project on Space might involve: â⬠¢ finding out and writing about early space flights â⬠¢ drawing space creatures â⬠¢ planning a city on the Moon â⬠¢ writing a science fiction story or play â⬠¢ making an advertisement or brochure about holidays in space â⬠¢ describing the latest space flight â⬠¢ finding out and writing about the planets, how rockets work, the problems of living in orbit, etc. Adaptable Project work is a highly adaptable methodology. It can be used at every level from absolute beginner to advanced and with all ages. As the examples show, there is a wide range of possible project activities, and the range of possible topics is limitless. Here are a few more possible topics and tasks: A project on Families might involve: â⬠¢ labelling a photograph of your family â⬠¢ drawing a family tree and writing about your ancestors â⬠¢ writing a story about your parentsââ¬â¢ or grandparentsââ¬â¢ life â⬠¢ comparing life today to life in your parentsââ¬â¢ childhood â⬠¢ comparing different kinds of families in different countries â⬠¢ a survey on who does what in the home â⬠¢ writing a play about a family argument â⬠¢ writing a poem about your family These are just a few examples of possible topics and activities for project work. Which activities are actually done will, of course, depend on many factors including the age, level, and interests of the learners, the resources available, and the constraints of time and space. But hopefully the examples given here indicate the potential range of things that you can do. So, let us now return to the original question: What is a project? In fact, the key to understanding project work lies not in the question What? , but rather in the question Who? Who makes the decisions? A project is an extended piece of work on a particular topic where the content and the presentation are determined principally by the learners. The teacher or the textbook provides the topic, but as the examples in this section show, the project writers themselves decide what they write and how they present it. This learner-centred characteristic of project work is vital, as we shall see when we turn now to consider the merits of project work. 10 Introduction to Project Work 2 2 WHY DO PROJECT WORK ? It is not always easy to introduce a new methodology, so we need to be sure that the effort is worthwhile. What benefits does project work bring to the language class? This teacher from Spain expresses it very well:
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